Monday, May 25, 2020

My Observations of Classrooms - 2634 Words

Description of Class Setting I was given permission to conduct my child study project in PAP community Foundation (Bukit Batok East Education Centre) by Miss Denise Lim, principal of the centre. The teacher present at all my observation sessions was Miss Moriah. All the observation sessions were conducted in a classroom setting in the Hibiscus room. The first two observation sessions were at least an hour long with 15-20 minutes of frontal teaching and another 40 to 45 minutes of classwork in their group tables. The last session was carried out in the same setting but at a different timing with half an hour of snack time and half an hour of emotional awareness session. The frontal teaching part was carried out with the students seated in their groups on the floor facing the teacher and the whiteboard. Students were assigned to carry out their classwork at three different group coloured tables namely, red, yellow and blue. Description of class The class consists of 15 to 16 Kindergarten two students. All of them are 5 to 6 year olds. 5 of the students are Indians, 5 are Chinese, 3 are Malay students. and 2 are Filipinos nationals. Background of child The child was selected and issued the parent’s consent form the day before session 1. Before the class started, I spoke to the teacher, Miss Moriah privately and learnt more about the background of Jiang Rui Zhi, the child under study. He is a 6-year-old boy who has migrated from China to Singapore to study at the age ofShow MoreRelatedMy Observations On The Classroom848 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my observations hours for Exceptional Learners course I observed two 4th grade classes that had special education students placed in a general education class room setting. I also observed the Inclusion teacher pull out SPED students and teach in a resource room conduction content mastery. My observations were mainly based on the SPED student but I interacted with all the students in the classroom. During this time I observed great interaction with students from the SPED teacher MRS.R whileRead MoreMy Observation At A Elementary Classroom1802 Words   |  8 PagesDuring my observa tion time in a kindergarten classroom, I have noticed that the students have a wide variety of abilities, attention spans, interests, and love for learning. When it comes to the teacher’s instructional strategies, she intentionally takes into consideration all of the above characteristics to make sure each student gets what they need to be most successful. During lessons students are engaged because of the teacher’s ability to implement interests of the student’s into things andRead MoreMy First Observation On The Classroom Arrangement2246 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction My second observation was completed at Arts Based Elementary where I observed Alysha Christian and her third grade class. During my observation I saw a lot of techniques that I know are important to help kids with literacy like: a read aloud, a reading section filled with books, and a great teacher. Mrs. Christian. There topic that day was plants and Mrs. Christian did a read aloud, Mrs. Maple’s Seeds, that helped the students learn more about seeds then they watched a video that alsoRead MoreMy Observation Of A Elementary School Classroom1783 Words   |  8 PagesElementary school classrooms should be vibrant, inviting, and interactive. My first observation was in a second-grade classroom, followed by an observation in a third-grade classroom. I observed classrooms at East Haddam Elementary School from 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. on the 12th of October. I spent two hours in each classroom. There were seventeen students in the second-grade classroom, eight boys and nine girls, and one teacher, Mrs. Caron. In the third-grade classroom, there were eighteen studentsRead MoreKansas Education Statistics and my Student Observation of a First Grade Classroom2344 Words   |  10 PagesAYP report card states that in reading the students of Haysville are slightly above the state average overall. Even 78% of Haysville disabled children are meeting or exceeding our state guidelines. The Elementary School where I am doing my teaching observation, building report card closely resembles the district level statistics. Students are equally divided between genders and the racial divide is about the same as the district with 86% of the students being white. The school is split almost equallyRead MoreMy Observation This Semester Is A Self Contained Classroom For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders910 Words   |  4 PagesMy observation this semester is in a self-contained classroom for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. The class is taught by one special education teacher who is assisted by a teaching aide. The desks are spaced out from one another, allowing each student a lot of room to move around. I believe the desks are arranged this way so that the students have limited contact with one another. There are books and games on a shelf that the students are allowed to use during break time. ThereRead MoreQuestions On Behavior And Behavi or889 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand why misbehavior occurs in the classroom. Through relevant research and in class observations, this study will conclude how teachers can positively guide the class to avoid reoccurrence of misbehaviors. Understanding why the misbehavior is occurring will help avoid the situation for future occurrence. Research that is mentioned this study covers different aspects of misbehaviors including different theorists and beliefs to why misbehavior occurs in the classroom. The purpose of this study is alsoRead MoreLearning Styles And Techniques Of Teaching898 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my class in Curriculum, Methods, and Assessments: Science and Math, I have had the opportunity to observe two different mathematic teachers. Through those observations I have gained great knowledge and understanding. I was exposed to different teaching, learning styles and techniques. Being able to observe a few different classrooms has given me an opportunity to witne ss different aspects of teaching. Through all of my observations during college of teachers I am confident that teachingRead MoreCollege Students Do Not Enjoy Writing892 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy before pursuing it. I am familiar with this problem. I began my college journey as a pre-Business Administration student. I had no idea what types of writing were involved in my major. I thought that I’d only be writing for my English and General Education(GE) courses. I did and do enjoy writing, so I never thought of writing as a chore. As I complete my major’s pre-requisite courses, I thought of the role of writing in my field of study, which is Business Administration with a concentrationRead MoreGraduation Speech : Cultural Diversity1316 Words   |  6 Pagesout wanting to explore how books could be used to address diversity in the classroom in terms of the students’ cultural backgrounds. After spending time in my classroom, I came to the realization that invest igating this question would be a challenge, due to the fact that I was only able to observe a handful of situations where students interacted with books, much less books that included aspects of culture. In my classroom, books that incorporated the various traditions and cultures around the world

Friday, May 15, 2020

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay - 696 Words

A Good Man is Hard to Find Thesis: Bailey and his family discover the hard way just how ironic life can be. â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Conner tells the story of a family in route to their Florida vacation and the trouble the grandmother gets them in. The grandmother does not want to go to Florida on vacation and tries many methods of changing her son, Bailey’s mind. Although she tries many methods, none of them have the effect on him she desires. Bailey is as stubborn as his mother, completely shutting the door on every proposition his mother makes. When she finally makes some progress in delaying their travels things go horribly. Bailey and his family discover the hard way just how†¦show more content†¦Once again her plea to Bailey and his wife had no effect. Even after they had left home she continued to try and divert them from their coarse. Finally succeeding when she convinced the children they would like to visit an old plantation home she had visited during her own childhood. There were many clues as to what was unfolding during the story, although one would have trouble noticing them upon initial reading. The first of the clues was, of coarse, the mentioning of â€Å"The Misfit’s† escaping from prison. As the family was eating at a small restaurant the second clue was given. The owner was discusing with grandmother the criminal nature the society has compared to the old day an example was three men had stolen gas from him only a few days earlier. The next clue came after grandmother and the children persuaded Bailey to turn off the main road in search of the old plantation home. The road had not been driven on in months, suggesting the perfect, deserted, hiding places for escaped prisoners. While traveling down the dirt road grandmother remembered that the house was actually in Tennessee, not Georgia. This caused her to jump, scaring the cat she had hidden in her basket. The cat jumped onto Bailey’s neck and head causing them to have a major accident. While sitting on the bank trying to recuperate from the accident a car drives down the road. Three men get out of theShow MoreRelatedIs It Hard For Find A Good Man?1739 Words   |  7 PagesHadleigh Garza Ms. Vernon English 1302.05 March 26, 2015 Is it Hard to Find a Good Man? In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Conner introduces the story with the characters, the grandmother, her son Bailey, his wife, his two children June Star and John Wesley, and the baby, on the way to Florida for a vacation. Soon after the trip begins, the grandmother states that she wants to go Georgia to see a friend, but with her awful memory, she remembers it is actually in TennesseeRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find1451 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿What makes a good man How many people do you encounter each day whom considers themselves to be a righteous person? Do you agree or disagree with this persons judgement of their own character? Often a person might hide behind his or her religion as a justification for the actions made in every day life. Perhaps some people may decide that commiting enough positive actions can some how cancel out their negative actions, allowing them to consider themselves a righteous person. In Flannery OConnorsRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find1460 Words   |  6 Pages1102 Society and Class in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† the grandmother and the Misfit become the main focus even though the other characters are involved in the story. Throughout the entire story, The Misfit is portrayed as the symbol of evil because he was in jail; he escaped from jail, and he committed murders. The grandmother believes to be greater than the people that she are around because of the â€Å"good† that she portrays. The conventionalRead MoreA good man is hard to find2182 Words   |  9 PagesThe Use of Religion in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O Connor is a Christian writer, and her work shows Christian themes of good and evil, grace, and salvation. O’Connor has challenged the theme of religion into all of her works largely because of her Roman Catholic upbringing. O’Connor wrote in such a way that the characters and settings of her stories are unforgettable, revealing deep insights into the human existence. In O’Connor’s Introduction to a â€Å"Memoir of MaryRead MoreA good man is hard to find2745 Words   |  11 Pages#1 A Closer Look Into â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† By James ENC-1102 The short story I chose for my critical essay is a story that caught my attention with a gentle and inspiring title and as I began to turn pages it suddenly evolved into a theme that caught me off guard and I quickly became intrigued by elusive style of writing the author used to express this story in a unique form of literature. After reading Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, I will discuss the vividRead More A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay638 Words   |  3 Pages Good Man Is Hard To Find A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find is filled with foreshadowing which the first time reader will not grasp, but leaps out of the pages for repeated readers. When first read, A Good Man is Hard to Find, the reader does not value the importance of the grandmother charter and her warning. She is thought to just be a rambling, nagging old lady. Even the grandmother does not realize the importance of what she is saying. The grandmotherRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard To Find Analysis743 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† we find out that the title indicates of what the story is about. The title actually came from the lyrics of a song written by Eddie Green in 1918. The title of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Conner is quite ironic really. The reader expects to eventually find a good man in the story, but is quite surprised at the ending of the story. The title A Good Man is Hard to Find is expressed clearly in this story by introducingRead MoreAnalysis Of A Good Man Is Hard To Find1071 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, the definition of good can only be determined if we understand two things, the typical definition of good and what to make of the main character known as the Grandmother. The definition of good should first be noted as, â€Å"that which is morally right; righteousness.† This will be the analysis of the grandmother and the ultimate decision as to the definition of good throughout this story. In the Secular Meaning in ‘A Good Man is Hard to Find,’ the discussionRead MoreEssay On A Good Man Is Hard To Find851 Words   |  4 Pages Review on a story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery 0’Connor, a southern family planning a road trip to Florida portrays the hypocrisy of the society through their actions and dialogues. Major question that rose in the story was what is considered good and how there aren’t enough good men left in the world.† A social science major with several courses in English, O’Connor is remembered by her classmates as obviously gifted but extremely shy. HerRead MoreEssay on A Good Man Is Hard to Find708 Words   |  3 PagesSince the beginning of mankind there is been an unsolved issue of good verses evil. We see this controversial issue in everyday life, Such as Television, Newspaper, etc. It is not difficult to label the agent of evil in Flannery O Connors signature story, A Good Man is Hard To Find, says John, Desmond. The family is described as a typical modern family, which has all type of problems. Agreeing with each other is one of the biggest p roblems the family faces. The story starts of where Grandma

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Constitutional History Of Modern China - 1041 Words

As we know, the constitutional history of contemporary China is rather complicated. In 1949, the Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference adopted a â€Å"Common Program† and announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Five years later, in 1954, the first National People s Congress promulgated the Constitution of the People s Republic of China. Following the 1954 Constitution, two more Constitutions were erected within four years, respectively in 1975 and in 1978. Another four years later, the current Constitution was eventually approved in 1982. People are often confused about the relationship between the current Constitution and the three former ones, which have not yet been officially repealed. Even the National People’s Congress was ambiguous about this; it simply announced that â€Å"The Constitution of the People s Republic of China is approved by the fifth session of the fifth National People’s Congress on December 4, 20 15, and is hereby promulgated.† If the confusion remains, it is almost impossible for us to understand the power that promulgated the current Constitution, let alone its legitimacy. Here’s one popular explanation. Some scholars have argued that the last three Constitutions, including the current one, should be regarded as complete and comprehensive amendments to the first 1954 Constitution, and the legitimacy of the current Constitution should therefore be traced back to the 1954 Constitution. However, the explanation faces aShow MoreRelatedJapan s Culture And Its Unique Geography Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesJapanese ancestor; however, most Japanese archaeologists believe the first people that lived and colonized in Japan was the Ainu. The combined evidence of archeology, anthropology, and genetics have shown the indistinctive look between Ainu and the modern Japanese. In their overall genetic makeup, the Ainu are related to other East Asians, include Japanese and Ko reans. The distinctive appearance and hunter lifestyle of the Ainu, and the indistinctive appearance and the intensive agricultural lifestyleRead MoreChinese Revolution Of 1911 Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The early 20th century was a dense time for China. Before 1950, it had already experienced two revolutions (one in 1911 and one in 1949) and a civil war. From these events, a new China rose; governed not by its traditional Imperial system, but under the iron grip of communism. While the Chinese Communist Revolution is the most well known, in order to more clearly understand the series of events that took place and their causes, one must go deeper. The conditions that made the communistRead MoreJapanese Constitutional Reform : Consequences Of Article 91640 Words   |  7 PagesJapanese Constitutional Reform: Consequences of Article 9 Abstract: Summarise the original article of the issue or event with full reference and internet address. 100 words After a long campaign and many public protests, the Japanese Diet successfully enacted two new security provisions that will allow the nation to carve a path away from its former post-war pacifism. Yoshida and Aoki (2015), reporters for The Japan Times state that the enactment of these laws has been a key goal of Japanese PrimeRead MoreWhat Is The Federal Republic Of Germany?915 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout recent history, the United States is one of the most powerful nations on earth. We are constantly trying to maintain that number one position. To enable us to maintain our status we as a country and as a people must always know our competitors. The Federal Republic of Germany is one of those competitors. The best way we can know our competition is by analyzing the German politics, economy, and military. Germany is a country in northern central Europe. It is one of Europe’s largestRead MoreThe Political System Of China767 Words   |  4 PagesHistory The United States and China have a long history when it comes to how they settled developed International Trade Agreements. Back in 1844 the first treaty was established for open ports for trader which allowed the United States to begin to trade with China. The United States started to bring in goods, these goods consisted of: coins; ginseng; furs. The most prominently were cotton, silk, porcelain, and lacquerware. Up until the modern Free Trade Agreement we have today, there were severalRead MoreSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesessentially represents â€Å"the construction of a rich, complex social order, not one dominated by a single idea† (Zakaria, 26). The success of the West is buoyed in part by the ubiquity of liberal democratic proliferation; the author’s reference of â€Å"constitutional liberalism† appears to me as a fusion of enlightenment ideology and traditional democratic practices of the Greeks and Romans. In the Unit ed States, the perpetual dichotomy between liberty and democracy has given birth to a liberal democracy thatRead MoreRomes Contribution to Todays Society Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesRomes Contribution to Todays Society Wars of conquest, the birth of democracy and the foundation of modern civilization characterized the Roman era. However, the eras single most important contribution to modern society was Romes adoption of Christianity. Christianity, having its foundational roots in Judaism, was born in the midst of the Roman era. It has shaped todays society on many different levels with varying degrees of legal, political and sociological implications. ChristianityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Three I s Of 19th Century East Asia Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesJonah Noel December 3, 2016 / EALC-E100-3069/70 Imperialism, Isolationism, and Industrialization; The Three I’s of 19th Century East Asia When Japan and China enacted isolationist policies in the 16th century, Japan and China were among the most advanced countries in the world. Both nations felt that they did not need to nor desired to interact with the rest of the world, or intervene in disputes between â€Å"barbarians† (Aizawa 348.) As a consequence, throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, neitherRead MoreEconomic Development Of Hong Kong931 Words   |  4 Pagesprocesses of industrialization and deindustrialization in Hong Kong? Globalization is manifesting itself as a result of colonial processes. The effects of Hong Kong’s colonial history are still present as it is not its own independent city-state and currently has semi-autonomous rule under mainland China. After giving a brief history on colonial Hong Kong, I will be focusing on the Sino-British Agreement of 1984 and its subsequent effects on the city’s decolonization process, including democratizationRead MoreGerman Competition Essay126 8 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout recent history, the United States (U.S.) is one of the most powerful nations on earth. It is constantly trying to maintain that number one position. Therefore, to enable the United States to maintain its status it must always know its competitors. The Federal Republic of Germany is one of those competitors. The best way the U.S. can know its competition is by analyzing the German politics, economy, and military. Germany is a country in north-central Europe. It is one of Europe’s

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Analysis Different Concept of 3D Printing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Different Concept of 3D Printing. Answer: Introduction In the present era, the technology changes can create a huge impact on the business and individual life. 3D printing is one of the latest technology which is used in the present era. In the present time, this technology has only limited impact or use in business and but the future can be associated with 3D printing easily. The present report makes analysis of the different concept of 3D printing and its impact on the traditional manufacturing techniques. 3D printing is additive manufacturing The 3D printing is also called as the additive manufacturing. The AM refers to the process used to create three-dimensional objects. In this technology, layers of material is imposed with the help of computer software. The process of raw material accumulation is controlled with the help of the computer. The raw material used in 3D printing is usually plastic, although other materials can also be used in the manufacturing process. The 3D printing utilizes the additive process and in the additive process objects are created by imposing successive layers of material by using the material until the project can become completed. The term additive technology is based metal manufacturing and is the part of pre-production context (Schubert, Van Langeveld and Donoso, 2014). On the other hand, the 3D printing is used in polymer manufacturing. Both technologies share a theme of sequential-layer material under the automated control. So, the additive technologies become synonymous with each other . Later, both of these technologies are used in the similar nature. Both the technologies are used in similar nature and used in the rapid technological advancements in the business. This manufacturing technology has several benefits for the production organization. The organization saves on cost as the manufacturing process only utilizes the raw materials required for the production of the device. The production can be done in a fast and efficient manner as the whole product manufacturing is transferred to the computer applications. The software also has quality control measures and can identify the loopholes in the production process. The 3D printing and additive manufacturing both are based on the creating low-end prices in the capacity. Through the additive manufacturing individual or the company can create any type of the complex structure with minimal requirements. 3D technology in low-cost production The 3D printing is more suitable for the low-cost production segments. In the manufacturing of any type of goods, technological changes always create an impact on the business process. Through the 3D printing, the small manufacturer can maintain economy of scale and low-cost production. At the initial level, 3D printing is used in making the prototype of the manufacturing goods but later it is used for the making the small spare parts of the production. The technology is a combination if various software and each software plays a critical role in the whole designing process. There is a product designing software wherein the initial designing of the product is conducted. In the low volume production, suppliers always faces problems for lack of spare parts but through the 3D printing, manufacture can overcome with lack of spare parts. In the batch processing used by the manufacture to create customized products and services and develop products as according to the need to customers. Ea ch type of the batch the manufacture needs a different type of the designs and prototypes (Petrick and Simpson, 2013). In the present competitive world, the competition among the business organizations is very and therefore it is important that the organization manufacture the best product to its customers. So, for the small vendors, through the using the 3D technology, they can overcome with the waste of material and other metal. In addition, it is also helpful to save the time. In the traditional manufacturing, vendor needs injecting modeling process timeline. By using the 3D technology, small vendors can save time on modeling the modeling the tools and process. Suitable Situation for 3D Technology 4D printing becomes an emerging technology and its implications are wide. There are different types of fields are available where the 3D technology can be used. Such as medical, manufacturing, design of products and development of products parts. In the present time the most suitable situation where the 3D technology is used in manufacturing fields. In the manufacturing fields, this technology makes huge impact on business and their design of products. At the initial stage, the 3D printing can be used for creating the concept's design and models. This help to boost the speed of pre-production process and outcomes can help the companies to companies for overcome with final products. In addition, 3D printing is also used for creating the personal fabrication. In the personal fabrication, the business can make their own parts and also they can develop their own manufacturing designs (Chia and Wu, 2015). Through this technology, business can overcome with problems of design and make able to manufacture for creating the multiple designs for single products without wasting any type of material. In other fields, 3D printing is also used in medical and food processing units. In medical science, 3D printing is used to get an idea before surgery. Before the manufacturing of the medical devices, the design can be validated with the help of 3D technology. The 3D technology can also used in manufacturing industries as it has immense applications in the manufacturing sector. 3D Printing Future There are different leading firms and companies which consider the future of the 3D printing in the direct digital manufacturing. These companies are investing a huge bulk of money and other resources so that 3D printing can be used in the mass commercial level. According to the American society of manufacturing engineers, direct digital manufacturing refers as the process of going off directly going from the digital representation of final products through the additive manufacturing process. The 3D printing helps the companies to save the cost of raw material on the final products which have been processed from the manufacturing unit. In much more mainstream, the 3D printing is also used in the aircrafts and aviation industry (Weller, Kleer and Piller, 2015). Therefore, a large number of business organizations in significabnt industries are using 3D printing technology. The Airbus is also incorporating with 1000 of the 3D parts in the aviation industry. Through the additive manufact uring technology, a business can use this technique to develop the products and services effectively. In addition, is also used in manufacturing the future buildings. In China, WinSun Decoration Design Engineering is used the 3D printing in developing of the printed house. In the medical science, the 3D printing is also used for replacement of human bodys organs. It is called as bio-printing. Through using the 3D pronating in medical the companies and hospitals can advantages of repair human bodies effectively. Impact of 3D printing on Traditional Manufacturing Future of the 3D printing in the manufacturing sector has a huge impact. By using the 3D printing the traditional manufacturing can techniques can be replaced. In the traditional manufacturing the large volume processing does not effect by the usage of 3D printing. However, in the small manufacturing units, these techniques help the company to save cost on the material and design the concepts for the manufacturing units (Campbell, Williams, Ivanova and Garrett, 2011). The main impact which creates by the 3D printing on traditional manufacturing is assembly line and pricing strategy implications. In the traditional methods, the sale department needs to make products after receiving orders. In this process, line managers need to change designs. In the3D technology helps to make products directly on demand and also companies do not require to change in concepts designs. Conclusion Summing up the present report it can be concluded that 3D printing can be considered as the emerging technology which makes revolutionary changes in manufacturing techniques. The 3D printing is very costly to use but the impact on manufacturing help the companies to overcome with different cost problems in the long term. References Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. and Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world. Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC. Chia, H.N. and Wu, B.M., 2015. Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. Journal of biological engineering, 9(1), p.4. Petrick, I.J. and Simpson, T.W., 2013. 3D printing disrupts manufacturing: how economies of one create new rules of competition. Research-Technology Management, 56(6), pp.12-16. Schubert, C., Van Langeveld, M.C. and Donoso, L.A., 2014. Innovations in 3D printing: a 3D overview from optics to organs. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 98(2), pp.159-161. Weller, C., Kleer, R. and Piller, F.T., 2015. Economic implications of 3D printing: Market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, pp.43-56.